03

COP 1: 1995 - Berlin, Germany

 

·       Groundwork laid for the Kyoto Protocol

·       Provision for providing technical and financial support to developing countries

COP 2: 1996 - Geneva, Switzerland

·       Urged all parties to continue contributions to the ‘Trust Fund’ for supplementary activities

·       Accepted scientific findings on climate change submitted by the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its second assessment.

·       Rejected ‘uniform harmonised policies’ in favour of flexibility

COP 3: 1997 - Kyoto, Japan

·       Adopted the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework

·       Decided that the US would be required to reduce its total emissions by an average of 7%

COP 4: 1998 - Buenos Aires, Argentina

·       Adopted a two-year ‘Buenos Aires Plan of Action’ for implementing the Kyoto Protocol

·       Argentina and Kazakhstan expressed their commitment to take on greenhouse gas emission reduction obligation

COP 5: 1999 - Bonn, Germany

·       All developing countries invited to support the least developed countries and the small island developing states

COP 6-1: 2000 - Hague, the Netherlands

·       Controversy over the US' proposal to allow credit for carbon ‘sinks’ in forests and agricultural lands

·       Disagreements over consequences for non-compliance by countries that did not meet their emission reduction targets

·       COP 6-1 suspended after EU countries rejected the compromise positions, expecting negotiations would resume in COP 6-2

COP 6-2: 2001 - Bonn, Germany

·       The long-term Bonn Agreements on the implementation of the Buenos Aires Plan of Action brought in

·       US President George W. Bush rejected the Kyoto Protocol in March 2001. The US delegation didn't participate in the conference

·       Agreement enclosed ‘flexible mechanisms’ including ‘The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)’ that allowed industrialised countries to fund emission reducing activities in developing countries

COP 7: 2001 - Marrakesh, Morocco

·       Decided that the ‘Subsidiary Body for Implementation’ would monitor the progress

·       Decided that capacity building must be country-driven

COP 8: 2002 - New Delhi, India

·       Decided to increase the share of renewable energy

·       Constructive use of partnerships between the public and private sectors

COP 9: 2003 - Milan, Italy

·       Decided to use the ‘Adaptation Fund’ established at COP 7 for capacity-building for technology transfer

COP 10: 2004 - Buenos Aires, Argentina

 

·       Discussions initiated on the post-Kyoto mechanism

COP 11: 2005 - Montreal, Canada

·       The ‘Montreal Action Plan’ extended the life of the Kyoto Protocol beyond its 2012 expiration date and negotiate deeper cuts in greenhouse-gas emissions

·       Discussed the pan-European emissions trading scheme and deliberated on the ‘Clean Development Mechanism’

COP 12: 2006 - Nairobi, Kenya

·       Adopted a five-year plan of work to support climate change adaptation by developing countries

·       Agreed to improve the projects for ‘Clean Development Mechanism’

COP 13: 2007 - Bali, Indonesia

·       Decision on deforestation and forest management and along with decisions on sharing technologies with developing countries taken

·       The Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA) set up to conduct work under the ‘Bali Action Plan’

COP 14: 2008 - Poznań, Poland

·       Launched the ‘Adaptation Fund’ under the Kyoto Protocol

·       Decided it will be funded by a 2% levy on projects under the ‘Clean Development Mechanism’ programme

COP 15: 2009 - Copenhagen, Denmark

·       The ‘Copenhagen Accord’ expressed a clear political intent to constrain carbon emissions

·       Developed countries promised to provide $30 billion for the period 2010-2012 and to mobilize long-term finance of another $100 billion a year by 2020

COP 16: 2010 - Cancún, Mexico

·       An agreement adopted that participating countries would contribute $100 billion per annum towards the ‘Green Climate Fund’ and for the ‘Climate Technology Centre’

COP 17: 2011 - Durban, South Africa

·       Decision to adopt a universal legal agreement on climate change taken

·       Progress regarding the creation of a Green Climate Fund (GCF) noted

COP 18: 2012 - Doha, Qatar

·       Documents titled ‘The Doha Climate Gateway’ published

·       Progress towards the funding of the Green Climate Fund noted

·       An amendment to the Kyoto Protocol passed, which ensured a second commitment for emission control between 2012-2020

COP 19: 2013 - Warsaw, Poland

·       Consultations undertaken on reducing emission from forest degradation in developing countries

·       The ‘Nairobi work programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change’ accepted.

COP 20: 2014 - Lima, Peru

·       Recalled the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

·       Decided to ensure 40% to 70% reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions below 2010 levels by 2050 and near-zero emissions of carbon dioxide

COP 21: 2015 - Paris, France

·       Adoption of the Paris Agreement which ended the work of the Durban platform

·       Welcomed the adoption of the United Nations General Assembly resolution titled, ‘Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’

COP 22: 2016 - Marrakesh, Morocco

·       Stressed on the urgency for the Paris Agreement

·       Welcomed the adoption of the ‘Kigali Amendment’ by the Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on substances that reduce the ozone layer

COP 23: 2017 - Bonn, Germany

·       Decided to organise a facilitative dialogue among participating countries to progress towards the long-term goal

·       The ‘Special Report’ by the IPCC on global warming of 1.5°C published

COP 24: 2018 - Katowice, Poland

·       Encouraged participating countries to strengthen adaptation planning and implement national adaptation plans

·       The ‘Subsidiary Body for Implementation’ requested to thematically align future meetings of the Durban Forum with the annual focus area of the Paris Committee on capacity-building

COP 25: 2019 - Madrid, Spain

·       The ‘Report of the Green Climate Fund to the Conference of the Parties and guidance to the Green Climate Fund’ released

·       The ‘Warsaw International Mechanism’ for loss and damage associated with climate change impact endorsed